Privredni izveštaj - Finansije / Economic Report - Finance
utorak mart 19, 2024
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Finansijska defanziva

Privredni izveštaj / Economic Report - LAZAR KRSTIĆ
Ministar finansija u Vladi Srbije / Minister of finance in the Government of Serbia

Lazar KrstićSprečiti bankrot, ozdraviti Srbiju finansijski i poboljšati ekonomski standard građana – to je težak i kompleksan posao sa kojim se bori najmlađi ministar u Vladi Srbije, Lazar Krstić. Naravno, bez pomoći i podrške kolega iz Vlade, to nije izvodljivo, ali najveći teret strategije i planiranja podnosi Ministarstvo finansija. Iako je načelo tog resora došao sa manje od 30 godina, njegov autoritet, znanje i stručnost se ne dovode u pitanje.

Novim Zakonom o budžetu planiran je deficit 4,6 posto. Kojom računicom je određen taj procenat?

Na republičkom nivou on će iznositi 4,6 odsto, što je za 0,1 odsto manje od deficita predviđenog rebalansom budžeta za 2013. Ono što je po prvi put urađeno, jeste da smo priznali realnost - to znači prihvatiti preuzete obaveze iz proslošti sa kojima moramo da se nosimo, ne samo u 2014. već do 2017. godine. Prevashodno mislim na dugove javnih preduzeća koje će država morati da preuzme umesto njih, kao ina novac predviđen za dokapitalizaciju državnih banaka.U te svrhe smo, za 2014., planirali 7,1 posto budžeta, umesto 6,5 iz 2013. godine.

Hoće li budžet podneti dug za javna preduzeća koja su uglavnom gubitaši?

Planirani budžet će to moći da podrži, iako je Fiskalni savet s pravom ukazao da postoje veliki rizici kada se radi o državnim gubitašima. Zato je poenta da mi što pre tome stanemo na put irešimo problem javnih preduzeća – tu mislim i na pitanje restruktuiranja, gde treba tražiti najbolja rešenja koja će sačuvati što više radnih mesta u tim preduzećima. To restruktuiranje podrazumeva čitav proces u finansijskom i u operativnom smislu, što je od suštinskog značaja. Taj proces, de facto, mora odmah da počne. Rešenje za ta preduzeća mora biti takvo da najveći teret dugova podnese preduzeće, a ne da to radi država.

Čime ste se vodili u kreiranjubudžeta?

Mi smo pesimistično planirali budžet i fiskalnu strategiju za 2014. I to je razlika u odnosu na ranije planove koji su bili optimistični, ali nerealni. Ne smemo sebi da dozvolimo greške imoramo što pre rešiti pitanje javnih preduzeća. Ukoliko se to ne desi, ni štednja neće imati efekta. Mnoge šanse smo prokockali poslednjih 5 godina.

Deo stručne javnosti je tražio dodatne uštede i manji deficit. Kakav je Vaš pristup?

Planirali smo odredjene mere koje ćemo preduzeti u okviru sive ekonomije, gde dugi niz godina ništa nije urađeno. Moramo da suzbijemo sivu ekonomiju i vratimo poslovanje u legalne tokove. Inspekciju i naplatu prihoda radićemo vrlo agresivno, i već smo krenuli u tom smeru. Imamo jasne korake koje ćemo preduzeti u okviru poreske politike, arezultat te vrste punjenja budžeta ćemo videti već u 2014. Budžet za sledeću godinu napravljen je na realnim osnovama i odgovorno, što znači da se ne ide na veće rezove od onih koji su u ovom trenutku neophodni.

(Nastavak teksta u štampanom izdanju)

 

Financial Defensive

Avoiding bankruptcy, ensuring Serbia’s financial recovery and improving the economic standard of the citizens – these are difficult and complex tasks that are faced by the youngest minister in the Government of Serbia, Lazar Krstić. Of course, without the helpand support of colleagues from the Government, that would be impossible, but the greatest burden of the strategy and planning is borne by the Ministry of Finance.Although the head of the Ministry is younger than 30, his authority, knowledge and expertiseare not questioned.

The new Budget Law provides a 4.6% deficit. How was that percentage determined?

At the national level, it will amount to 4.6%, which is 0.1%less than the revised budget deficit planned for 2013. What we did for the first time was to acknowledge reality. That is, we accepted the commitments of the past, which we must face not only in 2014, but until 2017. I am thinking, first of all, about the debts of public enterprises, which the State will have to take over instead of them, as well as about the money that has been planned for the recapitalization of state banks. For that purpose we have allotted 7.1% of the budget, instead of the 6.5% of 2013.

Will the budget allot debt to public enterprises that are mostly loss-makers?

The planned budget will be able to support that, even though the Fiscal Council rightly pointed outthat there are major risks when dealing with loss-making state enterprises. The point is that we must start solving the problem of public enterprises as soon as possible. I am also thinking about restructuring issues, where we should look for the best solutions that will preserve as many jobs in these enterprises. Restructuring involves the entire process in financial and operational terms, which is of utmost importance. In fact, this process must begin immediately. The solution for those companies must be such that the greatestburden of the debts will be borne by the company and not by the State.

Which criteria did you apply when creating the budget?

We planned the budget and fiscal strategy for 2014 in a pessimistic way, which represents a difference fromearlier plans, which were optimistic, but unrealistic.We cannot afford mistakes,and we must solve the issue of public enterprises as soon as possible. If that will not happen, even saving will have no effect. We missed many chances in the past 5 years.

What is your response to experts, who requests additional savings and a smaller deficit?

We planned certain measures that we will undertake within the gray economy, where nothing has been done for many years. We need to suppress the gray economy and bring business back to legal channels. Inspection and revenue collection will be very aggressiveand we have already moved in that direction.We will take clear steps in the framework of tax policy, andthe result of that kind of budget supplementing will be seen as early as 2014.The budget of next year is planned in a realistic and responsible manner, which means that budget cuts will not be larger than it is currently required.

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issue 13

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