Balkanski biseri - Stradun / Balcan pearls - Stradun
utorak mart 19, 2024
CULTURE
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Stradun mesto na kom je vreme stalo

Balkanski biseri / Balcan Pearls - STRADUN
Kameni put do raja / The stone way to paradise

StradunTako su nekad pevali dubrovački trubaduri. Dubrovnik, kakav su oni nekada slikali notama, nije se mnogo promenio. Zadržao je svoj autentični duh prošlosti – gradski oci nisu podlegli trendu modernih hotela, pa grad izgleda gotovo isto kao u prošlosti. Dubrovnik je i sada poznat po pesmi, bogatoj istoriji, turistima i Stradunu. Stradun je glavna ulica u starom gradskom jezgru, čiji naziv potiče od Mlečana i podrugljivo je ime za veliku ulicu, a naziv Placa nastao je od latinske reči platea, što znači ulica. Na mestu današnjeg Straduna, u prošlosti je bio močvarni teren koji je razdvajao Ragusu od Dubrave. Nasipavanjem močvare, stanovništvo je stvorilo grad u 9. veku. Stradun se nalazi između dvoja gradskih vrata (Vrata od Pila i Vrata od Ploča). Na početku i na kraju Straduna nalaze se i dve fontane (Velika i Mala Onofrijeva česma), kao i dva zvonika (Gradski zvonik i zvonik franjevačke crkve i samostana).

Između palate Sponza i crkve sv. Vlaha, uzdiže se Orlandov stup, najstarija sačuvana javna skulptura u Dubrovniku i jedna od najlepših znamenitosti.

Simbol je slobode i dubrovačke nezavisnosti. Načinjen je u kamenu, a prikazuje srednjovekovnog viteza u oklopu, koji drži mač i štit. Prema legendi, junak Orlando (Rolando) je spasio Dubrovnik od Saracena, tako što ih je potukao kod ostrva Lokruma. Tako su građani, u znak zahvalnosti, podigli ovaj stup. Danas se kod Orlandovog stupa odvija ceremonijalna priredba otvaranja dubrovačkog letnjeg festivala, a na stup se diže zastava sa natpisom Libertas, simboličnim za Dubrovnik.

Stradun je popločan kamenim blokovima, uglačanim do sjaja drvenog parketa, pa ga nazivaju i ulica – salon.

Svoju namenu dobio je u 12. veku, a današnji izgled dobio je nakon velikog zemljotresa 1667. godine, kad je veliki broj građevina bio srušen. Starije slike Dubrovnika nam pokazuju kako zgrade na Stradunu nisu imale tipičan izgled kao danas, mnoge su imale arkade kao palata Sponza, a neke su bile i raskošnije ukrašene. Današnji izgled zgrada na Stradunu potiče iz razdoblja posle zemljotresa 1667. godine, kada je Statutom Dubrovačke Republike bio određen način izgradnje stambenih zgrada: u prizemlju je uvek bio trgovačko-poslovni prostor s vratima na koleno, a u veliki magazin se ulazilo iz sporedne ulice. Na prvom spratu je bio stambeni prostor, a na drugom su bile sobe. Kuhinja i slične prostorije su se uvek nalazile u potkrovlju. Naime, nakon zemljotresa, u gradu je buknuo požar, koji je uništio veliki broj stambenih i ostalih zgrada. Naredbom da se kuhinje presele u potkrovlja sprečavalo se širenje požara. Stradun se završava trgom Luža, ispred Gradskog zvonika, te tako obuhvata veći broj važnijih spomenika unutar starog gradskog jezgra, zbog čega predstavlja omiljeno šetalište meštana i turista. Do Straduna se najbrže dolazi kroz zapadna vrata u grad - kroz Pile. Na samom ulazu na Stradun se nalazi i Onofrijeva velika česma – fontana koju je izradio napuljski graditelj Onofrio dela Kava, kao simbol završetka izgradnje gradskog vodovoda, kojim je Dubrovnik crpio izvorsku vodu iz 12 kilometra udaljene Rijeke dubrovačke. Ovaj vodovod je i danas uključen u novu vodovodnu mrežu. Danas fontana ima 16 isklesanih maskerona za izliv vode. Ona je omiljeno sastajalište mladih Dubrovčana i turista koji se odmaraju i okrepljuju svežom vodom u vrućim letnjim danima.

(Nastavak teksta u štampanom izdanju)

 

Stradun a place where time stopped

Troubadours from Dubrovnik used to sing this kind of songs. Dubrovnik has not changed much, since it was painted with musical notes. It kept the authentic spirit of the past, because the fathers of the city did not succumb to the trend of modern hotels and the city looks almost the same as in the past. Dubrovnik is famous nowadays for its songs, rich history, tourists and Stradun, the main street in the old town. The Venetians gave it its name, which mockingly depicts the main street, while the name “Placa” comes from the Latin word “Platea”, which means “street”. At the site of the present Stradun street, there used to be a swampy terrain separating Ragusa from Dubrava. The swamps were filled in the 9th century and the population created a city. Stradun is located between the two city gates (the Pile Gate and the Ploče Gate). There are two fountains, one at the beginning and the other one at the end of the street (The large Fountain and the Small Onofrio’s Fountain), as well as the two bell towers (The City Bell Tower and the the Bell Tower of the Franciscan Church and Monastery).

Orlando’s Column is located between the Sponza Palace and Saint Blaise Church. It is the oldest preserved public sculpture in Dubrovnik and one of its most beautiful sights.

It is a symbol of the freedom and independence of city. It is made of stone and depicts a knight in armor, holding a sword and a shield. According to the legend, a hero called Orlando (Rolando), helped Dubrovnik in its liberation fight against the Saracens, defeating them at Lokrum island. The citizens of Dubrovnik erected this is column as a sign of gratitude to the hero. Nowadays the opening ceremony of the Dubrovnik Summer Festival is held at Orlando’s Column and a flag with the symbolic words “Libertas” is raised on the Column.

Stradun is paved with stone blocks, so polished that they shine like a wooden parquet floor. That is why Stradun is often called “the Gallery-Street”.

It was given its current use in the I2th century and it took its present appearance after the great earthquake of 1667, when a large number of buildings were demolished. Old Dubrovnik photos show how buildings on Stradun did not have the typical look that they have nowadays. Many of them had arcades, like the Sponza Palace, while some of them were even more decorated. Today’s appearance of the buildings on Stradun street comes from the period after the earthquake of 1667, when the Statute of the Republic of Dubrovnik established the way to build residential buildings. On the ground floor there were commercial premises with store windows and the main warehouse was accessed from a side street. On the first floor there were residential premises and on the second floor there were rooms. The kitchen and similar spaces were always located in the attic. In fact, after the earthquake, a fire broke out and destroyed a large number of residential and other buildings. Fires were prevented by placing the kitchen in the attic. Stradun ends at Luža Square in front of the City Bell Tower and it encompasses a large number of important monuments inside the old town. That is why; it is the favorite promenade of both, locals and foreign tourists. Onofrio’s Fountain is at the entrance of the Pile Gate. It was built by the Neapolitan architect Onofrio dela Kava to celebrate the conclusion of the city aqueduct, by which water was brought from the Dubrovnik river located 12 km away. This aqueduct is still connected to the modern water supply network. The fountain has 16 carved gargoyles, from which water flows. It is the favorite meeting place for young people of Dubrovnik, as well as for tourists resting and refreshing themselves in the fresh water during the hot summer days.

(Continue reading more in printed edition)

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issue 13

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